Click to Call — (877) 557-3482
★★★★★  Licensed & Insured · All Repair Types · Same-Day Scheduling
Chimney Repair · Dunes City, OR

Chimney Repair in Dunes City, OR
Call Now for Same-Day Scheduling.

Chimneys deteriorate. It is not a matter of if but when in Dunes City. Mortar joints erode. Bricks spall from freeze-thaw damage. Crowns crack. Flashing separates. Liners crack from chimney fires or acidic condensate. Every condition has a correct repair if caught early enough — and every one compounds significantly if left until the damage has accumulated through additional seasons in Dunes City, OR.

All Repair Types Correct Materials Specified Upfront Pricing Every Repair Guaranteed Same-Day Scheduling
Professional Chimney Repair

Professional Chimney Repair Services in Dunes City, OR

Chimneys deteriorate. It is not a matter of if but when in Dunes City. Mortar joints erode from weathering. Bricks spall from freeze-thaw damage. Crowns crack from thermal cycling. Flashing sealant dries and separates from the chimney face. Liners crack from the heat of chimney fires or from the acidic condensate of gas appliances in Dunes City, OR. Every one of these conditions has a correct repair if it is caught early enough. And every one of them becomes significantly more expensive to address if it is left until the damage has compounded through additional seasons in Dunes City.

Chimney Master repairs chimneys throughout Dunes City, OR with the correct assessment, the correct materials, and the correct technique for each specific repair type in Dunes City. We do not apply generic patches to problems that need specific solutions. We assess the full extent of the damage, specify the correct repair for the specific condition and the specific chimney's construction, and back every repair with a guarantee in Dunes City, OR.

When Your Chimney Needs More Than Cleaning in Dunes City

A chimney sweep keeps the flue clear of creosote in Dunes City, OR. A chimney inspection identifies conditions that need attention in Dunes City. But when the inspection finds crumbling mortar joints, spalling brick faces, a cracked crown, failed flashing, or a damaged liner, what is needed is repair in Dunes City, OR. These are structural conditions that cleaning and inspection identify but do not resolve. Chimney Master is the next call after the inspection confirms repair is needed in Dunes City.

What Chimney Master Repairs in Dunes City, OR

Mortar joint repointing. Spalling brick repair and replacement. Chimney crown repair and replacement. Chimney flashing repair and replacement. Flue liner repair and replacement. Firebox and smoke chamber repair. Partial and full chimney rebuild. And waterproofing applied after structural repairs are complete to protect the repaired masonry from future water absorption in Dunes City. All repair types. All chimney configurations. All Dunes City, OR homes in Dunes City.

Why Correct Materials Matter More Than Speed in Dunes City, OR

A chimney repair performed with incorrect materials fails faster than the original deterioration it was meant to fix in Dunes City. Mortar harder than the surrounding brick causes brick face spalling in the next freeze-thaw cycle. Standard caulk on a chimney crown fails within one to three seasons. Non-refractory mortar in a firebox cracks with the first hot fire in Dunes City, OR. Chimney Master specifies the correct material for each specific repair type before any work begins in Dunes City. The repair is only as durable as the material it is built with in Dunes City, OR.

Book Your Repair Assessment — (877) 557-3482
Common Chimney Problems

Common Chimney Problems That Need Repair in Dunes City, OR

Cracked or Spalling Chimney Bricks in Dunes City

Brick spalling is the separation of the brick face from the brick body in Dunes City, OR. It is caused by freeze-thaw damage. Water absorbed into the brick expands when it freezes, fracturing the brick face from within in Dunes City. Once the protective fired face is gone, the exposed interior of the brick is significantly more porous and absorbs water more rapidly, accelerating further deterioration in Dunes City, OR. Spalling bricks need replacement and the surrounding masonry needs assessment for waterproofing to prevent the same freeze-thaw process from damaging adjacent bricks in Dunes City.

Deteriorated Mortar Joints in Dunes City, OR

Mortar joints between chimney bricks erode progressively from weathering in Dunes City. As they erode, they create pathways for water to penetrate the masonry assembly. In cold climates, that water freezes and expands in the masonry pores, fracturing the surrounding brick from within in Dunes City, OR. The correct repair is repointing — the removal of deteriorated mortar to the correct minimum depth and replacement with correctly specified new mortar matched to the chimney's specific masonry composition in Dunes City. Mortar that is too hard for the surrounding brick will cause brick face damage. Mortar correctly matched to the masonry allows the joint to do its job of eroding gradually rather than transmitting stress to the brick faces in Dunes City, OR.

Damaged or Cracked Chimney Crown in Dunes City

The chimney crown covers the full chimney top and its job is to direct water away from the chimney structure in Dunes City, OR. When it cracks from thermal cycling, it allows water direct entry into the space between the outer masonry and the liner with every rain event in Dunes City. Minor cracking is addressed with elastomeric crown sealant. Severe cracking or incorrectly formed crowns require full removal and replacement with correctly specified concrete including the correct overhang and drip edge in Dunes City, OR.

Failed Chimney Flashing in Dunes City

The chimney flashing at the chimney-roof junction is the most common chimney leak source in Dunes City, OR. The sealant at the counter flashing joint typically lasts 10 to 15 years before it dries, cracks, and separates from the chimney face in Dunes City. Failed flashing allows water entry at the chimney-roof junction that tracks through the roof assembly to appear as interior ceiling or wall staining in Dunes City, OR. Chimney Master assesses the full flashing system and repairs the specific failed component — sealant renewal, counter flashing reset, partial replacement, or full system replacement as the specific condition warrants in Dunes City.

Cracked or Damaged Flue Liner in Dunes City, OR

A cracked or deteriorated chimney liner is both a leak source and a safety concern in Dunes City. Liner cracks allow combustion gases including carbon monoxide to migrate into the surrounding masonry and potentially into the home structure in Dunes City, OR. They also allow moisture from condensation and rain to penetrate the chimney assembly. Chimney Master assesses liner condition through camera inspection and recommends the appropriate repair — cast-in-place liner resurfacing for moderate cracking or new liner installation for liner replacement situations in Dunes City.

Damaged Firebox and Smoke Chamber in Dunes City, OR

The firebox refractory mortar and firebrick are exposed to extreme temperatures with every fire in Dunes City. Over time, refractory mortar joints crack and firebrick surfaces spall. Damaged firebox mortar allows heat and combustion gases to reach the surrounding framing rather than containing them within the firebox in Dunes City, OR. Chimney Master repairs fireboxes using correctly specified refractory mortar and refractory brick rated for fireplace applications in Dunes City. The smoke chamber parge coat is repaired with correctly specified refractory mortar applied to the full smoke chamber surface in Dunes City, OR.

Leaning or Settling Chimney Structure in Dunes City

A chimney that is visibly leaning or has settled out of vertical is a structural concern requiring immediate assessment in Dunes City, OR. Chimney settling can indicate foundation issues beneath the chimney base or structural deterioration within the chimney assembly itself in Dunes City. Chimney Master assesses lean situations and provides a direct recommendation on the appropriate structural response in Dunes City, OR.

Repair Services

Chimney Repair Services Chimney Master Provides in Dunes City, OR

Mortar Joint Repointing in Dunes City

Chimney Master repoints deteriorated chimney mortar joints across all chimney types and configurations in Dunes City, OR. Removal of existing mortar to the correct minimum depth of 3/4 inch or more to provide adequate mechanical key for the new mortar in Dunes City. Mortar formulation matched to the chimney's specific masonry composition and age. Correct technique for each joint profile. And waterproofing of the repointed masonry after the mortar has fully cured in Dunes City, OR. Repointing that is performed without adequate mortar removal produces a surface application that fails within a few seasons in Dunes City. Chimney Master removes mortar to the correct depth on every repointing job in Dunes City, OR.

Spalling Brick Repair and Replacement in Dunes City, OR

Chimney Master replaces spalling bricks with matching brick where the original brick type is available in Dunes City. We assess the surrounding masonry condition alongside every spalling brick repair to determine whether broader repointing and waterproofing is warranted to prevent the same freeze-thaw damage from recurring in adjacent bricks in Dunes City, OR. Replacing individual bricks without addressing the water infiltration that caused the spalling produces bricks that spall again in subsequent seasons in Dunes City.

Chimney Crown Repair and Replacement in Dunes City, OR

Chimney Master repairs chimney crowns using elastomeric crown sealant for minor to moderate cracking applied over the full crown surface in Dunes City. Not spot application to visible cracks. Full surface coverage in the required film thickness in Dunes City, OR. Severely cracked, crumbling, or incorrectly formed crowns are removed and replaced with correctly specified Portland cement concrete including the correct overhang dimension and drip edge detail in Dunes City. Every replacement crown is finished with elastomeric sealant after curing in Dunes City, OR.

Chimney Flashing Repair and Replacement in Dunes City

Chimney Master repairs and replaces chimney flashing across all configurations and roof types in Dunes City, OR. Sealant renewal at the counter flashing joint for sealant-only failure. Counter flashing reset and resealing where the flashing has separated from the mortar joint. Partial replacement for specific corroded or failed sections. Full system replacement where the flashing has failed across multiple components or was never correctly installed in Dunes City.

Flue Liner Repair and Replacement in Dunes City, OR

Chimney Master assesses liner condition through camera inspection before recommending any liner repair in Dunes City. Cast-in-place liner resurfacing for clay tile liners with moderate cracking. Stainless steel liner installation for liner replacement situations. Flexible liner installation for specific appliance and chimney combinations in Dunes City, OR. The liner specification is always matched to the specific fuel type and appliance the liner will serve in Dunes City.

Firebox and Smoke Chamber Repair in Dunes City, OR

Every Chimney Master firebox repair uses correctly specified refractory mortar and refractory brick rated for the thermal demands of fireplace use in Dunes City. Cracked refractory mortar joints are raked out to the correct depth and replaced with fresh refractory mortar in Dunes City, OR. Damaged or spalled firebrick is replaced with correctly rated refractory brick in Dunes City. Smoke chamber parging is restored using correctly specified refractory mortar applied to the full smoke chamber surface in Dunes City, OR.

Partial and Full Chimney Rebuild in Dunes City

When chimney deterioration has progressed beyond what targeted component repair can address, Chimney Master performs partial or full chimney rebuilds in Dunes City, OR. Partial rebuild above the roofline for deterioration concentrated in the most weather-exposed sections. Full rebuild from the base for deterioration that extends into the sections within the home structure in Dunes City. Every rebuild uses correct mortar specification, correct brick selection, correct crown formation, and correct cap installation in Dunes City, OR.

Chimney Waterproofing After Repair in Dunes City, OR

Chimney Master applies vapor-permeable penetrating water repellent to the exterior masonry after all structural repairs are complete in Dunes City. This protects the repaired masonry from future water absorption and slows the rate of future mortar joint deterioration in Dunes City, OR. Chimney Master uses breathable waterproofing products specifically formulated for masonry chimneys — not paint, not film-forming sealants that trap moisture in the masonry and accelerate deterioration from within in Dunes City.

Call for Repair Scope and Pricing — (877) 557-3482
Act Early

Why Acting on Chimney Damage Early Saves You Money in Dunes City, OR

How Small Cracks Become Big Problems in Dunes City

A hairline crack in the chimney crown costs a few hundred dollars to seal in Dunes City. Left for two or three rain seasons, that hairline crack opens wider as thermal cycling continues to stress the concrete in Dunes City, OR. Water enters the space between the outer masonry and the liner with every rain event. The mortar joints in the upper chimney begin deteriorating from consistent moisture exposure. By the time the homeowner schedules a repair, the crown sealant cost is now the crown sealant cost plus repointing plus potential liner attention in Dunes City. The crack was always the same size when it was first identified. What changed is the damage it accumulated while waiting in Dunes City, OR.

What Water Does to Unrepaired Chimney Damage in Dunes City, OR

Water is the primary driver of chimney deterioration in Dunes City. Every opening in the chimney structure — a crack, a failed joint, a missing cap — allows water in with every rain event in Dunes City, OR. That water saturates the masonry, initiates freeze-thaw cycles in cold weather, corrodes metal components, and eventually reaches interior finish surfaces in Dunes City. The damage compounds with every subsequent rain event in Dunes City, OR. Acting when damage is first identified stops the compounding. Waiting lets it continue in Dunes City.

The Repair vs Rebuild Cost Difference in Dunes City

A mortar joint repointing that costs $400 to $1,200 performed when deterioration is first identified addresses the problem before structural damage has developed in Dunes City, OR. The same deterioration left for multiple seasons produces brick face spalling that adds to the repointing cost, structural compromise that may require partial rebuild, and moisture damage to the interior structure in Dunes City. The repointing cost is the same whenever it is eventually done in Dunes City, OR. What changes is the remediation cost that accumulates alongside it the longer it is deferred in Dunes City.

Why Chimney Master Recommends Acting at First Signs of Damage in Dunes City, OR

Chimney Master gives honest repair recommendations in Dunes City. When we identify a condition during inspection that warrants repair, we tell you clearly what it is, why it needs attention, and what the cost of addressing it now versus later looks like in Dunes City, OR. We do not create urgency where none exists. But when a chimney has active deterioration that is compounding with every weather cycle, acting promptly is the financially sound choice in Dunes City.

What to Expect

What to Expect From a Chimney Master Repair Service in Dunes City, OR

1

Assessment Before Any Repair Is Recommended in Dunes City

Chimney Master performs a thorough assessment of the full chimney condition before recommending any repair in Dunes City, OR. Not just the component that prompted the call. The surrounding components that the obvious damage may be affecting. The structural integrity of the sections that will remain after the repair in Dunes City. The liner condition throughout the full flue height in Dunes City, OR.

2

Clear Scope and Upfront Pricing in Dunes City, OR

Our specialist explains the assessment findings in plain language in Dunes City. The specific deterioration found. Its extent. The correct repair approach. The material specification. The cost. Clear and itemized before any work begins in Dunes City, OR. The invoice matches the quote in Dunes City.

3

Correct Materials for the Specific Repair in Dunes City

Chimney Master uses material specified for the specific repair type and the specific chimney in Dunes City, OR. Repointing mortar matched to the masonry hardness and composition. Refractory materials in the firebox. Elastomeric sealant for crown applications. The correct specification is the basis for every material selection in Dunes City.

4

Post-Repair Inspection and Waterproofing in Dunes City, OR

After the repair is complete, our specialist inspects the work confirming correct execution before leaving in Dunes City. Where masonry repair work has exposed fresh brick and mortar to weather, Chimney Master applies chimney waterproofing after the repair is complete in Dunes City, OR. The waterproofing extends the life of the repair and protects the surrounding masonry from accelerated deterioration in Dunes City.

5

Guaranteed Workmanship in Dunes City

Every Chimney Master chimney repair is guaranteed in Dunes City, OR. If a repair fails within the guarantee period, we return and address it at no additional charge in Dunes City.

Why Choose Us

Why Choose Chimney Master for Chimney Repair in Dunes City, OR

Licensed and Insured Specialists in Dunes City

Every Chimney Master technician performing chimney repair in Dunes City, OR is licensed and insured. Rooftop repair work is performed with appropriate safety equipment and roof protection throughout in Dunes City.

Correct Materials Every Time in Dunes City, OR

Mortar matched to the masonry. Refractory materials in the firebox. Elastomeric sealant for crowns. Vapor-permeable waterproofing for masonry protection. The correct material for the specific application every time in Dunes City.

Rooftop Work Done Safely in Dunes City

Chimney repair involves working at roof height and in some cases at significant elevation on taller chimneys in Dunes City, OR. All rooftop and structural repair work is performed with appropriate safety equipment and roof protection as standard in Dunes City.

Transparent Pricing, No Surprises in Dunes City, OR

Clear itemized pricing before any repair work begins in Dunes City. The scope. The material specification. The labor. The invoice matches the quote in Dunes City, OR. No additional charges introduced after the job has started in Dunes City.

Every Repair Guaranteed in Dunes City

Every chimney repair Chimney Master completes is guaranteed in Dunes City, OR. If the repair fails within the guarantee period, we return and address it at no additional charge in Dunes City.

Pricing

Chimney Repair Cost in Dunes City, OR

All pricing confirmed upfront before any work begins in Dunes City. The invoice matches the quote in Dunes City, OR.

Minor repairs — crown crack sealant, isolated repointing, rain cap replacement, minor flashing sealant repair in Dunes City$150–$400
Moderate repairs — full crown repair or replacement, comprehensive repointing, partial flashing replacement, firebox mortar repair, smoke chamber parging in Dunes City, OR$400–$1,500
Major repairs — liner repair or replacement, full flashing replacement, extensive brick replacement, partial chimney rebuild above roofline in Dunes City$1,500–$5,000+
Full chimney rebuild — full or substantial rebuild depending on height, configuration, and material specifications in Dunes City, OR$5,000–$15,000+

What Affects the Repair Price in Dunes City, OR

The specific repair type is the biggest driver in Dunes City. Crown sealing costs far less than liner replacement. Chimney height and rooftop access affect labor because taller chimneys require more safety equipment and setup time in Dunes City, OR. The extent of deterioration affects scope because comprehensive deterioration requires more extensive repair than localized damage in Dunes City. And historic material specifications including period-appropriate brick sourcing affect material cost in Dunes City, OR.

Repair Now vs Rebuild Later — The Cost Difference in Dunes City

A $300 crown repair today prevents the crown deterioration from allowing water into the masonry assembly in Dunes City, OR. That same crown left unrepaired for two or three seasons produces mortar joint deterioration, brick spalling, and structural compromise that may require a $5,000 to $10,000 partial or full rebuild in Dunes City. The repair cost is fixed regardless of when the call is made in Dunes City, OR. The rebuild cost is what accumulates with deferred action in Dunes City.

Service Area

Serving Dunes City, OR and Surrounding Areas

Chimney Master provides chimney repair services throughout the entire Dunes City service area and surrounding communities in Dunes City, OR.

Downtown Dunes City

Urban homes, historic properties, and multi-unit buildings with masonry chimneys in Dunes City, OR

North Dunes City

Full north-side coverage in Dunes City, OR

South Dunes City

All south-side communities in Dunes City

East Dunes City

East-end homes and properties in Dunes City, OR

West Dunes City

Full west-side coverage in Dunes City

Surrounding Communities

Service extends beyond Dunes City city limits. Call to confirm in Dunes City, OR.

Schedule Your Repair — (877) 557-3482
FAQ

Chimney Repair FAQs in Dunes City, OR

The clearest indicators in Dunes City are visible crumbling or missing mortar joints, spalling brick faces, cracks in the chimney crown visible from the ground, water staining on interior ceilings or walls near the chimney, rust or gaps visible in the chimney flashing, and any change in fireplace performance including increased smoke intrusion or unusual odors in Dunes City, OR.
Yes. Every form of chimney damage that allows water entry compounds with each rain event in Dunes City. Water infiltration deteriorates mortar joints, spalls brick faces, corrodes metal components, and eventually reaches interior finish surfaces in Dunes City, OR. The damage that costs a few hundred dollars to repair today costs significantly more after two or three seasons of continued water infiltration in Dunes City.
Chimney repointing is the removal of deteriorated mortar from between chimney bricks to a minimum depth and replacement with correctly specified fresh mortar in Dunes City. It is needed when mortar joints have eroded, crumbled, or developed voids that allow water to penetrate the masonry assembly in Dunes City, OR.
Brick spalling is caused by freeze-thaw damage in Dunes City. Water absorbed into the brick expands when it freezes, fracturing the brick face from the brick body in Dunes City, OR. The root cause is water penetrating the masonry through deteriorated mortar joints, a failed crown, or inadequate waterproofing in Dunes City.
Minor accessible repairs including applying crown sealant to a small crack are within the capability of a careful homeowner in Dunes City. Most chimney repair work requires rooftop access, specific material knowledge, and experience with masonry techniques that produce durable results in Dunes City, OR. Incorrect mortar specification and inadequate mortar removal depth are the most common DIY repair failures in Dunes City.
Minor repairs including crown sealing and isolated repointing are typically completed in one to three hours in Dunes City. Moderate repairs take one to two days. Full chimney rebuilds take several days to several weeks depending on chimney height and scope in Dunes City, OR.
Yes. Chimney Master repairs storm-damaged chimneys across all damage types in Dunes City. Crown damage from hail impact. Flashing damage from wind. Fallen trees that have impacted the chimney structure in Dunes City, OR. We provide documentation supporting insurance claims where storm damage coverage applies in Dunes City.
Chimney repair addresses specific failed or deteriorated components while the majority of the chimney structure remains sound in Dunes City. A chimney rebuild involves dismantling and reconstructing significant portions of the chimney when deterioration has progressed beyond what targeted repair can address in Dunes City, OR.
Most routine chimney maintenance repairs including repointing, crown repair, and flashing repair do not require permits in most jurisdictions in Dunes City. Liner replacement and structural chimney repair including partial and full rebuilds may require permits depending on local requirements in Dunes City, OR. Chimney Master confirms permit requirements for the specific repair scope in your jurisdiction in Dunes City.
Chimney repair costs in Dunes City range from $150 to $400 for minor repairs, $400 to $1,500 for moderate repairs, $1,500 to $5,000 and above for major repairs, and $5,000 to $15,000 and above for full chimney rebuilds in Dunes City, OR. All quotes provided upfront before work begins in Dunes City.
Chimney damage from a specific storm event including hail, wind, or fallen trees may be covered in Dunes City. Gradual deterioration from normal weathering and deferred maintenance is typically excluded as a maintenance issue in Dunes City, OR. Chimney Master provides documentation supporting insurance claims where storm damage coverage applies in Dunes City.
Yes. Every chimney repair Chimney Master completes is guaranteed in Dunes City. If a repair fails within the guarantee period, we return and address it at no additional charge in Dunes City, OR.
Call Today

Chimney Damage Getting Worse? Call Chimney Master in Dunes City, OR Today.

Every season that passes with unrepaired chimney damage is a season of compounding deterioration in Dunes City. Chimney Master assesses the full extent of the damage, recommends the correct repair with the correct materials, and backs every repair with a guarantee in Dunes City, OR. Call now for same-day scheduling in Dunes City.

Call Now — (877) 557-3482

Our Chimney Services in Dunes City, OR

Chimney InspectionChimney RepairChimney Liner / ReliningDryer Vent CleaningChimney Cap Installation / ReplacementFireplace Repair / CleaningChimney Waterproofing / Leak RepairMasonry / Tuckpointing RepairAnimal / Bird Removal from Chimney

Serving These Locations

Chimney Sweep & Cleaning St. Gabriel, LAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Evergreen, ALChimney Sweep & Cleaning Stonegate, COChimney Sweep & Cleaning East Porterville, CAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Holt, MIChimney Sweep & Cleaning Tomball, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Mcminnville, TNChimney Sweep & Cleaning Maybrook, NYChimney Sweep & Cleaning Richmond, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Castleton-On-Hudson, NYChimney Sweep & Cleaning Rupert, IDChimney Sweep & Cleaning Alliance, NCChimney Sweep & Cleaning Fort Davis, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Hartford City, INChimney Sweep & Cleaning Raynham Center, MAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Lindenhurst, ILChimney Sweep & Cleaning Panorama Village, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Stillwater, MNChimney Sweep & Cleaning Hurst, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Trevorton, PAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Inniswold, LAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Westville, INChimney Sweep & Cleaning Drumright, OKChimney Sweep & Cleaning Cottageville, SCChimney Sweep & Cleaning Granville, OHChimney Sweep & Cleaning Bonanza, GAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Huntsville, MOChimney Sweep & Cleaning Biola, CAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Brenham, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning West Salem, OHChimney Sweep & Cleaning Ashwaubenon, WIChimney Sweep & Cleaning Jamesburg, NJChimney Sweep & Cleaning Fairwood, WAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Neptune Beach, FLChimney Sweep & Cleaning Lawrence, NYChimney Sweep & Cleaning Olney, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Deerfield, MIChimney Sweep & Cleaning Clay, ALChimney Sweep & Cleaning Moncks Corner, SCChimney Sweep & Cleaning Ritzville, WAChimney Sweep & Cleaning Ellettsville, INChimney Sweep & Cleaning Tolar, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Tavares, FLChimney Sweep & Cleaning Appleton, MNChimney Sweep & Cleaning Bastrop, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Brookside, ALChimney Sweep & Cleaning Inez, TXChimney Sweep & Cleaning Corydon, INChimney Sweep & Cleaning Niagara University, NYChimney Sweep & Cleaning Whitwell, TN